University of Southern California
School of Policy, Planning and Development
Public Finance and Budgeting
PUAD 541


Analysis of Major Milestones:
38 Years of California's State-Local Fiscal Relationship

Brian Pew
Grace Son
Nat Gale
Regina Muge Wang
Yao Xu

Professor John Nicoll
Ventura County Executive Officer

Original LAO Document

California State Budget History

1970s

SB 90
Limited local government authority to raise property taxes. Requires the state to reimburse local governments for new state-mandated programs.

Proposition 13
Set property tax rate at 1 percent, cutting local government property taxes by over half. Transferred control over property tax allocation to state. Established acquisition-based assessment system. Requires new local special taxes to be approved by two-thirds of voters.

SB 154
Used state’s budget surplus to provide a one year “bailout” for local governments.

AB 8
Established ongoing “bailout” for local governments. State assumed many county health and welfare costs, and increased school aid. Developed permanent property tax allocation system. Included a “deflator” to reduce state costs if revenues were insufficient.

Proposition 4
Generally limits local and state spending of tax proceeds to prior-year amount, adjusted for population and inflation (later amended to per capita personal income growth). Requires state to reimburse local entities for mandated costs.

1980s

General Law City Taxing Authority
Gave general law cities the same taxing authority as charter cities.

State Budgets, 1981-84
Despite low state revenues, state did not activate AB 8 deflator. Instead, state permanently repealed three local subventions: liquor license fee, highway carrier’s uniform business tax, and financial aid to local agencies.

Mello-Roos Community Facilities Act
Created program to assist communities financing infrastructure. New special taxes subject to two-thirds voter approval.

State Budget 1984-1985
Permanently repealed AB 8 deflator and local government personal property tax subvention.

Proposition 47
Constitutionally guaranteed VLF revenues for cities and counties. (Guarantee later limited to revenues raised under a 0.65 percent VLF rate.)

Brown-Presley Trial Court Funding Act
Increased state funding for county-operated trial courts, through the establishment of block grants.

1990s

SB 2557
Allowed counties to charge local entities to recover the costs of booking persons into county jails and administering the property tax. (Authority to charge schools for tax administration eliminated in 1991.)

Realignment
Major shift of authority from state to counties for mental health and other programs. Funding changes intended to be fiscally neutral and included: new sales and VLF taxes and changed state/county cost sharing ratios.

Education Revenue Augmentation Fund (ERAF) 1992-93 and 1993-94
Annually shifts about one-sixth of statewide property taxes from cities, counties, and special districts to schools. Reduces state education costs by an equal amount. (Additional $1.3 billion property tax shift in 2004-05 and 2005-06.)

Community Redevelopment Law Reform Act
Narrowed the definition of blight, set time limits for redevelopment projects, and required mitigation payments.

Proposition 172
Established a state half-cent sales tax for support of local public safety.

Proposition 218
Constrained local authority to raise revenues from taxes, assessments, and fees. Some revenue raising methods subject to increased approval requirements.

Welfare Reform
Provided counties with more flexibility regarding (1) delivery of welfare-to-work services and (2) receipient participation requirements.

Trial Court Funding
Cap placed on county trial court spending, resulting in future increases in state funding.

2000s

State Budgets 1999 - 2004
Reduced VLF rate and backfilled local losses with state subventions. Beginning 2004, state subventions replaced with property taxes.

Proposition 57
Pledged one-quarter cent of the Bradley-Burns sales tax as repayment for a state deficit-financing bond (the “triple flip”). Local losses replaced with property taxes shifted from schools. School losses offset by increased state aid.

Proposition 1A
Major reduction to Legislature’s authority over the property tax and Bradley-Burns sales tax. Expanded state’s requirement to pay for mandates.

Proposition 63
Imposed additional 1% tax on personal income above $1 million to expand county mental health programs.

SB 81
Shifted funding and responsibility for nonviolent juvenile offenders from the state to counties.

State Budget 2009 - 2010
Shifted redevelopment revenues and borrowed local property taxes to reduce state costs by almost $4 billion.

Gas Tax Swap
Increased state’s fiscal flexibility by replacing state’s sales tax on gaoline with an excise tax. Reduces ongoing funding for local transit.

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