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How to implement supporting ontology on RDBMS Overview of some database applications with ontology supporting .Benefits of building application with ontology//(  CQuestion: How to support ontology-based semantic matching on RDBMS?DD(  #RDBMS Schema for Storing Ontologies$$$ Conventional RDBMS schema#RDBMS Schema for Storing Ontologies$$$ LRDBMS schema consisting of several system-defined tables to store ontologiesB  #RDBMS Schema for Storing Ontologies$$$ MRDBMS schema consisting of several system-defined tables to store ontologies NM B  #RDBMS Schema for Storing Ontologies$$$ Special Ontologies 2New operators for Ontology-based semantic Matching33 Overview of the new operators 2New operators for Ontology-based semantic Matching33 2ONT_RELATED Synopsis: ONT_RELATED (Term1, RelType, Term2, OntologyName) RETURNS integer; Description: Determines if the two input terms are related with respect to the special RelType relationship. Example: ONT_RELATED( X. Chen ,Fatherof OR MotherOf  Y. Chen ,  family_ontology )   E J It+ k(  2New operators for Ontology-based semantic Matching33 ONT_EXPAND Synopsis: ONT_EXPAND (Term1, RelType, Term2, OntologyName) RETURNS table; Description: Return a table(data set) that contains all the <Term1, RelType, Term2> tuples. Example: Select fatherName from TABLE(ONT_EXPAND(NULL,Fatherof, NULL,  family_ontology ))p ZZ  B N Q) ( $   2New operators for Ontology-based semantic Matching33 Two ancillary operators Synopsis: ONT_DISTANCE (NUMBER) RETURNS NUMBER; ONT_PATH(NUMBER) RETURNS VARCHAR Description: Return optimal measure (distance/path) for the filtered rows by ONT_RELATED operator. Example: Select AncestorName from family_Chen WHERE ONT_RELATED (name, Ancestorof,  Y.Chen ,  family_ontology , 123)=1 ORDER BY ONT_DISTANCE(123);nI I U b   &Question: I noticed that there are symmetry and transitivity characteristics of relationships, could they be utilized for ontology-based semantic to make it more intelligent?$ Inferencing Rules(  ~Question: I got the ideas of new operators of ontology-base semantic, but I need make more senses by real system and examples? /Implementation of New Operators on Oracle RDBMS00(Implementation of ONT_RELATED: Basic Idea: Using by an SQL query with CONNECT BY clause which is transitive closure query and supported by Oracle Implementation of ONT_EXPAND: Basic idea: Defined as a table function which includes the path and distance measure by default. bsasaExample of Restaurant Database   A Simple Case  More Complex Case More Complex Case (cont.) Question: OK, we have known that ontology-related operators can be implemented in Oracle, but those operators seem functions of searching, it must be time-consuming, could any improvement be done for the efficiency?$ <Solution for speeding up ONT_RELATED & ONT_EXPAND operations== A transitive closure table is precomputed. A new indexing schema ONT_INDEXTYPE is implemented using Oracle s Extensible Indexing Framework. c 9Performance Statistic of Ontology-based semantic matching:: Testing Environment Ontology Category: cancer ontology (consisting 25,762 terms and 54,387 relationships) RDBMS: Oracle 9i Release 2(9.2.0.3) Operating System: SunOS 5.6 Computer: Ultra60 Sparc Workstation (CPU: 450Mhz; Memory: 512MB):73f,!APerformance Statistic of Ontology-based semantic matching (Cont.)BB  "APerformance Statistic of Ontology-based semantic matching (Cont.)BB  $,Several Ontology-based Database Applications-- Homeland Security Application Supply Chain Application Life Science Application Web Service Application & & & & & %  Future work  xSupporting ontology merging. Supporting ontology evolution. 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