Works Cited

Text Sources:

1. Aberbach, Moshe and David. The Roman-Jewish War and Hebrew Cultural Nationalism. New York: St. Martin's Press, lcc, 2000.

2. Berlin, Andrea M. and J. Andrew Overman. The First Jewish Revolt: Archaeology, History, and Ideology. London: Routledge, 2002.

3. Gerstenfeld, Maltiel J. 260 Years of Ancient Jewish Coins. Tel Aviv: Kol Printing Service Ltd., 1982.

4. Hendin, David. Guide to Biblical Coins: Third Edition. New York: Amorpha, 1996.

5. Meshorer, Ya'akov. Ancient Jewish Coinage Volume II: Herod the Great through Bar Cochba. New York: Amorpha Books, 1992.

6. Meshorer, Ya'akov. Coins of the Ancient World. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Company, 1980.

7. Meshorer, Ya'akov. A Treasury of Jewish Coins: From the Persian Period to Bar Kohba. New York: Amorpha, 2001.

8. Musselman, Lytton John. "Pomegranate." Old Dominion University Plant Site. 2005. 10 Feb. 2005. <http://web.odu.edu/webroot/instr/sci/plant.nsf/pages/pomegranate>

9. Wacks, Mel. "The First Revolt." Handbook of Biblical Numismatics. 2000. 10 Feb. 2005. <www.amuseum.org/book/page14.html>

10. http://www.tlcjesus.org/BibleStudy-Numbers.htm accessed: April 7, 2005

11. http://www.killerplants.com/plant-of-the-week/20020527.asp accessed: April 7, 2005

12. http://www.yourdictionary.com/ahd/p/p0628000.html accessed: May 11, 2005.

13. http://www.bible-history.com/tabernacle/TAB4The_Table_of_Shewbread.htm accessed: May 11, 2005

14. http://medievalwriting.50megs.com/whatis.htm accessed: May 11, 2005

15. http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/writing/g/PaleoHebrew.htm accessed: May 11, 2005

 

Photographic sources:

Home:

1. Year 3 First Revolt Shekel, obverse and reverse, courtesy of Dr. Bruce
Zuckerman

Ancient Minting:

1. Moneyer:
http://www.pnna.org/convention_report_2004.html
Accessed: April 10, 2005

2. Silver Coin: http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/frumentumcoin.jpg
Accessed: April 10, 2005

3. Bronze Coin: http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/pharos7.jpg
Accessed: April 10, 2005

4. Gold Coin: http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/resources/image/large/ps139915.jpg
Accessed: April 10, 2005

5. A Cast: http://www.classicalcoins.com/page103.html
Accessed: April 10, 2005

6. An Afghani Die: http://www.vosper4coins.co.uk/ancient_coins/Die/DieAfg.htm
Accesed: April 6, 2005

7. An English Die: http://www.exeter.gov.uk/timetrail/object_images/7_34.jpg
Accessed April 10, 2005

8. A Roman Die: http://www.barakatgallery.com/Auction/ItemImgs/9010T.jpg
Accessed: April 6, 2005

9. The Striking Process: http://www.classicalcoins.com/page103.html
Accessed: April 6, 2005

10. Reverse of A Year Three Coin Struck Off-Center: http://www.menorahcoinproject.org/h654.htm
Accessed: April 9, 2005

11. Evidence of a Cracked Die: http://www.menorahcoinproject.org/h662.htm
Accessed: April 6, 2005

 

Weights and Purity:


1. Tiny coins: http://www.vcoins.com/trionfo/store/viewItem.asp?idProduct=245&large=1
Accessed: May 5, 2005

2. Electrum coin: http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/cm/k127625.jpg
Accessed: April 10, 2005

3. Silver Coated copper coin: http://dougsmith.ancients.info/4jdbarb.jpg

Accessed: May 5, 2005

 

Historical Background:

1. Julius Caesar: http://www.bible-history.com/past/images/julius_caesar_statue.jpg
Accessed: April 9, 2005

2. Herod-the-Great: http://www.crimelibrary.com/graphics/photos/notorious_murders/classics/jesus_trial/3-2-Herod-the-Great,-stone-.jpg
Accessed: April 9, 2005

3. Nero: http://www.beloit.edu/~classics/main/courses/history222/nero/
Accessed: April 9, 2005

4. Vespasian: http://www.thepaolas.com/Emperors/emperors.html
Accessed: April 9, 2005

5. Map of Judea: http://www.livius.org/jo-jz/judaea/judaea.htm
Accessed; April 9, 2005

6. Flavius Josephus: http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/desolation/josephus.html
Accessed: April 5, 2005

7. Titus: http://www.the-colosseum.net/images/titus.jpg
Accessed April 9, 2005

8. Masada: http://www.goldcarpet.co.il/bar.htm
Accessed: April 9, 2005

9. Judea Capta Coins: http://www.socalcoins.com/PresentationVespasian2.jpg
Accessed: April 9, 2005

10. Arch of Titus: http://emp.byui.edu/DAVISR/HumPix/arch,%20Rome,%20Arch%20of%20Titus.JPG
Accessed: April 5, 2005

11. Arch of Titus detail: http://sights.seindal.dk/img/orig/8216.jpg
Accessed April 5, 2005

12. Destruction of Jerusalem: http://www.preteristarchive.com/images/Jerusalem/9308.jpg
Accessed: April 9, 2005


Role of Coins in the Revolt:

 

1. Tyrian Shekel: http://www.jesuswalk.com/lessons/21_37-22_6.htm
Accessed: April 5, 2005

2. Roman Silver Coin:
http://www.pomexport.com/C%20-%20Roman%20Silver_Caracalla/PCC%20-%20Roman%20Silver_Caracalla_4x.jpg
Accessed: April 10, 2005

3. Year 3 shekel: http://www.menorahcoinproject.com
Accessed: April 9, 2005

4. Year 3 half-shekel: http://www.menorahcoinproject.com
Accessed: April 9, 2005

5. Year 1 quarter-shekel: http://www.menorahcoinproject.com
Accessed: April 9, 2005

6. Three bronze revolt coins: http://www.menorahcoinproject.com
Accessed: April 9, 2005

Differentiating the Shekels:

 

1. First year one coin: http://www.menorahcoinproject.com
Accessed: April 9, 2005

2. Second year one coin: http://www.menorahcoinproject.com
Accessed: April 9, 2005

3. Year two coin: http://www.menorahcoinproject.com
Accessed: April 9, 2005

4. Year three coin: Courtesy of Dr. Bruce Zuckerman

5. Year four coin: Courtesy of Paul Rynearson

6. Year five coin: Courtesy of Paul Rynearson


Symbolism:

 

1.The Chalice: Courtesy of Dr. Bruce Zuckerman

2. Arch of Titus Detail 1: http://xenohistorian.faithweb.com/worldhis/Hist12.html
Accessed: April 5, 2005

3. Arch of Titus, closer, pics 2 and 3: http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/titus/titus.html
Accessed: April 5, 2005

4. Artists Rendition: http://www.biblepicturegallery.com/Pictures/JewishT/Shewbread%20Table%20carried%20off%20by%20Romans%20(Arch%20of%20Ti%20la.htm

Accessed: May 11, 2005

5. Barley Before Harvest: http://www.hops.co.uk/sectiontwo/Images/Barley.jpg
Accessed: April 10, 2005

6. Coin Pomegranates: Courtesy of Dr. Bruce Zuckerman

7. Pomegranates on tree: http://web.odu.edu/webroot/instr/sci/plant.nsf/pages/pomegranate
Accessed: April 9, 2005

8. Inside the Pomegranate: http://leutheuser.blogs.com/photos/uncategorized/pomegranate.jpg
Accessed: April 7, 2005

9. Ivory Pomegranate from Temple: http://www.civilization.ca/media/docs/fssea01e.html

Accessed: May 11, 2005


Inscriptions:

1. Year 3 coin: Courtesy of Dr. Bruce Zuckerman

2. Tyrian Shekel: http://www.jesuswalk.com/lessons/21_37-22_6.htm
Accessed: April 5, 2005

Paleography:


1. All Paleo-Hebrew lettering: Courtesy of Dr. Bruce Zuckerman

2. Modern Hebrew lettering: http://www.njop.org/jsAlephbet/sound_main.html
Accessed: April 8, 2005

3. Modern Hebrew waw: http://www.ldolphin.org/waw.jpg

Accessed: May 11, 2005


A Photographic Analysis:

1. All photos courtesy of Dr. Bruce Zuckerman

 

Comparison Analysis:

1. Photos of ARC# 10534 courtesy of Dr. Bruce Zuckerman

2. Photos of Die #1: http://www.menorahcoinproject.org/h662.htm
Accessed: April 6, 2005

 

Reverse Comparison Analysis:

1. Photos of ARC# 10534 courtesy of Dr. Bruce Zuckerman

2. Photos of Dies 1, 3, 6, 10, 16, and 24: http://www.menorahcoinproject.org/h662.htm
Accessed: April 6, 2005

 

 

 

 

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